Assignment #13

NH3, BH3, CH4, CO, N2, O2, and CO2
all have a overall negative charge based on their electronegativity so they will still to a positive surface. NH3 will stick together in relation to each other the strongest because their electronegativities are the furthest apart based on the periodic table. How is this aligned from lowest to highest??
NH3, BH3, CH4, CO2, CO, N2, O2.

Which molecules would be expected to dissolve in water??
NH3,

Assignment #12

1) This picture basically explains it all, cold air is more dense because with warm air the gas particles will expand more (higher volume). Using the density=mass/volume this means that density and volume are inversely proportional. So an increase in volume (warm air) will cause a decrease in density and therefore be less dense. However the warm air particles are moving more because an increase in temperature will cause the molecules to move around more (more kinetic energy).

2) The amount of water vapor in the air effects the density of the air. Water vapor is a light gas when it is compared to Oxygen and Nitrogen, this means that when water vapor increases the amount of of oxygen and nitrogen will decrease. This causes the density to decrease. This means that moist air will be less dense than dry air because it has more water vapor.

Assignment #10

Energy densities from lowest to highest:

Lithium-ion Battery: .72 MJ per kilogram
Ethanol: 30 MJ per kilogram
Gasoline: 47.2 MJ per kilogram
CNG: 53.6 MJ per kilogram

Assignment #11

The shapes og molecules are very important in their reactivity with the human body.  Post a 3D image of caffiene and cocaine and show how the shapes of these two molecules are quite similar.

 this is a Caffeine molecule

this is a Cocaine molecule

As you can see they have blue, red and black atoms in their molecules. Meaning they are made of the same type of elements. 

Assignment #9

"I started with 2.0 g of salicylic acid and 5 g of acetic anhydride and I got 2.1 g of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin).  1) What is my theoretical yield and my percent yield?"

-first you are going to find which one is your limiting reagent by converting each mass (salicylic acid and acetic anhydride) into moles of aspirin. Which ever one produces the smallest amount of moles will be the limiting reagent.
2.0 g C7H6O3 --> .014 mol aspirin
5.0 g C4H6O3 --> .049 mol aspirin
So the limiting reagent will be C7H6O3. Now you will use this to calculate how much grams of aspirin will be produced. This will be your "theoretical yield" After this is found you will divide the actually yield you produced by what you should have produced to get your percent yield.
2.1 g / 3.77 g = .557

The percent yield will be 55.7%

Assignment #9

1)Today in class we discussed limiting reagents.  On your blog, describe the process you used to determine how many quarter pound hamburgers could be made.
-For this problem we had to first decide what our limiting reagent was (the agent that would cuz us to have to make the least amount of hamburgers). We decided that this would be the bacon because we only had enough bacon to make exactly 35 hamburgers. We had enough hamburger to make 40 hamburgers but because we didn't have enough bacon we would have to make only 35 hamburgers.

2)For the following reaction determine which reagent is limiting and how much of the product can be made:
2H₂+ O₂ → 2H₂O
Begin with 8.5 g of hydrogen (H₂) and 40.2 g of oxygen (O₂).
-O2 will be the limiting reagent for this chemical reaction
the process is starting with 8.5 g of hydrogen and determining what amount of oxygen this will produce. Since it produced67.324 g of oxygen that is way more than 40.2 g of oxygen (which is what you begin with). So that is the limiting reagent.

Assignment #8

1) REDOX
-2C8H18 + 25O2 --> 16CO2 + 18H20
This is the reaction of what happens when you drive your car, this is interesting to me because driving my car is something I do almost everyday.

2)PPT
-CaCO3 + H2OSO4 --> CaSO4 + H2O + CO2
This is acid rain on a marble statue. I thought it was interesting that a solid formed from acid rain falling on a statue.

3)Gas Forming
-CaCO3 + H2OSO4 --> CaSO4 + H2O + CO2
This is the same once as up above (acid rain on a marble statue) But it can also be a gas forming reaction because CO2 is formed from the acid rain and marble.

4)Acid-Base
-HCl + NaOH --> H2) + NaCl
I couldnt find an everyday acid-base reaction so I just chose a normal one in our chem book to show that an acid and a base will always form some type of salt and water.

Assignment #7

1) What surprised you about lab?
-It surprised me how well I remembered how to balance chemical reactions with almost no help from the teacher. It also surprised me how much the temperature changed with the last two reactions.

2) What was an observation that led you to think a chemical reaction occurred?
-An observation that led me to believe a chemical reaction occurred was when mixing two reactions the color changed. Also on the last two reactions the temperature changed after they were combined.

3) which reactions produced different product states?
-All the reactions produced different products. The first four produced a solid (Barium sulfate, Iron(II) ferricyanide, silver chloride and Copper(II) hydroxide). The acid-base Neutralization produce water and the last reaction produced carbon dioxide.

4) Describe salt going into water.
-Salt is a compound made up of the two elements of sodium (Na) and Chlorine (Cl). When salt is poured into water the sodium and chlorine ions will break apart from their compound into singular ions. This is because they are soluble.

5) write a chemical equation.
- NaCl + H2O --> Na + Cl + H2O

Assignment #6

1)What were today's two main topics?
-Melting points
-What will be on the exam on friday

1)Look at food or product labels in and around your home.  Post on your blog (name and formula) 5 ionic compounds that you found, and list the common product in which they are contained.
-water: Sodium Chloride: NaCl
-granola bar: Calcium Carbonate CaCO3
-teddy grahams: Zinc Oxide: Zn2O
-animal crackers: Thiamine Nononitrate: C12H17ClN4OS
-mountain due: Calcium Disodium: CaS

1)Explain why ionic compounds tend to have high melting points.
-Because the force between then is a lot smaller, according to coulomb's law this means that the melting point with be much higher.

Assignment #5

1) What were the main topics covered in class today?
-The atom

2)Describe the structure of a atom.
-Directly in the center of the atom we have the nucleus which is surround by electrons. Inside the nucleus there are protons and neutrons.

3)Explain the location and behavior of electrons.
-Electrons are right outside the nucleus in a atom. They have a negative charge. They move in waves and are able to be in one place at many different times. They "fill" up space and have a little bit more mass than a proton.

Assignment #4

1)What are the four fundamental forces in our universe?  List the two that we most commonly feel and experience everyday
-Strong nuclear force
-Weak nuclear force
-Electrostatics (most commonly feel)
-Gravity (most commonly feel)

2)Explain a situation(list liquid examples and order) in which two liquids of different densities form two layers.
-If you have water and oil in one cup they will form two different layers because they are different densities. Oil is less dense than water so it will be on top of the water.

3)Explain a situation in which two liquids of different densities form one layers.
-Some liquids will be chemically attracted to each other and will therefore be able to mix even though they have two different densities. An example of this would be water and ethanol.

4)List the density of osmium, lead, and aluminum
-Osmium=22.61 g/cm
-Lead=11.34 g/cm
-Aluminum=2.70 g/cm

4)What questions/comments do you have?
-None

Assignment #3

1) What are today's main topics?

-Chapter 1: temperature, states of matter and density

2) Describe the difference between an absolute scale and a relative scale?

-Relative scale would be how fast you are going for say in a car (like 70 mph). But absolute scare is exactly how fast your are going with all the factors included, like how fast the earth is rotating. When talking about temperature the Celsius and Fahrenheit scales are relative. But the Kelvin scale is absolute.

3) What questions do you have?

-I'm not really sure why solids and liquids are both condensed phases.  

4) What things do you wonder about?

-I wonder why we use Fahrenheit as our normal everyday scale when it is relative not absolute. So really if it is not for say the "true" temperature then why are we using it the most? I believe its really interesting that temperature is not actually about the weather, it is really about molecules moving around and how fast or slow they are moving.

Assignment #2

1) What are three topics that we discussed in class today?
-Three topics that we discussed today are the Periodic Table, chemical reactions, and the macroscopic world.

2) What did you find interesting in class today?
-Today in class what I found most interesting is the experiment you did with the balloons. I knew that a balloon filled with air would pop when lit by a match but I did not know it would make such a loud noise when filled with H20 gas.

3) List a few ways that we identify that a chemical reaction has occurred.
-If it changes color
-If it changes from a liquid to a solid of vise-versa
-If it gives off heat
-If there is some sort of smell or sound

4)Write a question or a comment that you have about the material we covered today.
-Why exactly did the balloon not make such a loud noise when filled with only hydrogen or only oxygen?

Importance of Chemistry

When asked why chemistry is important to my major and life in general a lot comes to mind. First and most obvious is that my major is Applied Science with a concentration in Biotechnology. Chemistry is a very important part of my major, probably the most important class I will be taking. I want to do something directly related to Chemistry later in life, maybe work in some sort of research lab. The most important molecule that I believe I will be working with in chemistry is oxygen. Actually I believe that oxygen might just be the most important molecule for anyone not just involved in working for a research lab. Without oxygen most chemical reactions could not occur. An example of this would be starting something on fire or combustion, without oxygen this would not be possible at all!